CHAPEL HILL – Orange County residents caught more than 7 million bus rides last year #x2013; almost double the trips reported in 2002, the first year Chapel Hill Transit became a fare-free system.
In Chapel Hill and Carrboro, riders can take the bus to most local destinations, transfer to a Triangle Transit bus to visit Durham or Raleigh, or travel to Hillsborough on the Hill-to-Hill route. In Hillsborough, Orange Public Transportation operates the in-town circulator route.
But how do residents get around when age or health problems limit their access to transportation?
Paratransit is a #x201C;safety net#x201D; of alternative but equal transportation operated under guidelines in the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act. However, having a disability does not automatically qualify someone for paratransit services.
ADA rules require agencies operating fixed-route bus systems to provide paratransit services to residents with physical, visual or cognitive disabilities severe enough to keep them from boarding, riding or disembarking from a regular bus route. Not every disability is covered.
Chapel Hill Transit#x2019;s EZ Rider paratransit service has 1,200 active customers and last year made roughly 62,000 trips. Other town and county residents rely on Orange Public Transportation, which last year took roughly 13,000 riders on 113,000 trips.
Each agency has its own funding and level of service. EZ Rider picks up riders within 3/4-mile of a Chapel Hill Transit bus route and goes anywhere fixed-route buses go, including University Mall, grocery stores, and medical and recreation destinations. Since the county doesn#x2019;t operate a fixed route, seniors and people with disabilities are largely limited to taking OPT#x2019;s Orange Bus to medical appointments.
Shrinking budgets
No one feels the differences more acutely than town residents who can#x2019;t access EZ Rider, says Nancy Watkins, who lives in southern Chapel Hill just over a mile outside EZ Rider#x2019;s service area.
The county#x2019;s system can be isolating, and you don#x2019;t want to lean on friends and family too much, she says. Sometimes she#x2019;ll try to grab a few things while waiting for the bus home from the doctor#x2019;s office.
#x201C;I have, at times, lacked basic groceries and household goods, or been unable to pick up a prescription on time,#x201D; Watkins says.
For more than 30 years, EZ Rider served every Chapel Hill and Carrboro resident with a qualifying disability. However, shrinking budgets, rising costs and a growing number of riders are draining available funds, officials say.
In August, Chapel Hill Transit started selling ad space on transit buses to help cover a $2.3 million budget shortfall. Early morning and late evening service on multiple routes was cancelled or reduced. EZ Rider#x2019;s service area was cut to the ADA-required 3/4-mile minimum.
Watkins and others say they don#x2019;t understand why EZ Rider was cut at all.
Town Manager Roger Stancil says the EZ Rider service changes were small compared to fixed-route cuts #x2013; 3,000 service hours vs. 14,000 service hours. The town held five public forums and received more than 300 comments before making the changes, he says.
A slippery slope
Other cities adopted the ADA minimum service area for paratransit years ago, Chapel Hill Transit assistant director Brian Litchfield says.
#x201C;We were fortunate enough in this area to be able to ride it as long as we could without making this change. The unfortunate reality was it was necessary not only to continue to meet ADA requirements but to make our system sustainable for the future,#x201D; he says.
Although local systems can choose whether to help individuals outside the requirements, Litchfield says it#x2019;s a slippery slope.
#x201C;Once you push it beyond the three-quarters of a mile #x2013; just here and there #x2013; then you#x2019;re that much closer to somebody else that you need to push the line to,#x201D; he says.
According to Chapel Hill Transit documents, systemwide expenses rose 54 percent since 2009, while state and federal funding fell 7 percent and 18 percent, respectively. CHT#x2019;s local partners #x2013; Chapel Hill, Carrboro and UNC #x2013; are paying roughly 58 percent of this year#x2019;s $17.7 million budget; UNC pays $5.9 million of that. The rest comes from state and federal funding and fees.
EZ Rider gets roughly $2 million.
Looking for answers
Meanwhile, Orange County budgeted roughly $900,000 this year for transportation. The county provides about 44 percent, with the rest from revenues, fees, partner payments, and state and federal grants.
Director Al Terry says OPT#x2019;s focus is on #x201C;life-enriching and life-sustaining#x201D; services. Most riders traveled to medical and dialysis appointments last year. Partner agencies funded other, pre-approved trips to senior centers, Department of Social Services and Orange Enterprises work programs, and SportsPlex afterschool activities, among others.
Terry said Medicaid-funded services are becoming more strictly regulated because of cost cutting and #x201C;quite a bit of fraud.#x201D; In recent years, regulators have uncovered companies billing the state for services that were unnecessary or never delivered.
This year, the state overspent its Medicaid allotment by $150 million, leaving lawmakers scrambling for money to sustain the Division of Medical Assistance, which runs the program. The state could lose $414 million in federal funding if differences over regulations aren#x2019;t resolved.
Terry said the county must follow Medicaid rules to receive that money. One such rule is that Medicaid clients now need a doctor#x2019;s note to schedule a ride. Another is that OPT drivers must be certified through background checks every quarter instead of once a year.
Assistant manager Pearl Waite said OPT#x2019;s service area #x2013; Orange and parts of Durham, Caswell and Alamance counties #x2013; also remains a major challenge, although the agency has become more efficient at grouping people headed to similar destinations.
#x201C;Transportation#x2019;s big thing is trying to pick people up and drop them off as quickly and efficiently as possible, and with the distance that we travel, that#x2019;s not always possible,#x201D; Waite says.
OPT and CHT officials say they know riders aren#x2019;t happy about changes and the level of service each system offers.
#x201C;It#x2019;s something that we#x2019;re looking at finding ways to try to help, but we have no good answers for it now,#x201D; Litchfield says.